William Cheselden (19 October 1688 – 10 April 1752) was an English surgeon and teacher of anatomy and surgery, who was influential in establishing surgery as a scientific medical profession.
In 1733 he published Osteographia or the Anatomy of Bones, the first full and accurate description of the anatomy of the human skeletal system.
In 1733 he published Osteographia or the Anatomy of Bones, the first full and accurate description of the anatomy of the human skeletal system.
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O STEOGRAPHIA, OR THE A NAT O MY OF THE BONES. BY WILLIAM CHESELDEN SURGEON TO HER MAJESTY; F. R. S. SURGEON TO ST THOMAS'S HOSPITAL, AND MEMBER OE THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SURGERY AT PARIS. LONDON MDCCXXXIII.
T o THE READER. Very bone in the human body being here delineated as large as the life, and again reduced to lefler fades, in order to ihew them united to one another; I thought it ufelefs to make long defcriptions, one view of fuch prints ihewing more than the fulleft and beft defcrip-tion can poflibly do; and for this reafon in the feveral chapters the mechanical contrivances of the bones are rather treated of than their ihapes. The firft drawing we made was a front view of the fcull, (Tab. iii.) in the fame attitude with a moil excellent one in Vefalius (whofe figures were drawn and engraved by Giovanni Calker, as Giorgio Vafari informs us in his book of the lives of the painters; they arc performed in fo exquifitc a tafte that they have ufually been taken for Titian’s, and always confide-red as a ftudy for painters; yet it muft be confefled, that mod of them are far fhort of juft reprefentations of the things they were drawn after.) Then we proceeded to others, meafuring every part as exa&ly as we could, but we foon found it impoilible to execute the difficult parts of fuch a work in this way; upon which I contrived (what I had long befoi'b meditated) a convenient camera obfeura to draw in, with which we corrected
THE INTRODUCTION HE ufe of the bones is to give fhape and firmneis to the body, to be levers for the mufcles to a£t upon, and to defend thofe parts from external injuries that are of greatcft confequence to be preferved; as the brain, fpinal marrow, heart, &c. Their fibres when firft formed are very foft, until by the addition of a matter, which is feparatcd from the blood into them, they grow by degrees to the hardnefs of a cartilage, and then perfeft bone: But this change is neither made in a very fliort time, nor begun in all the parts of the fame bone at once. Flat bones (Tab. i. and xxxi.) that have their fibres dire&ed to all fides, begin to oillfy in or near a middle point; but the cylindrical bones and all others, whofe fibres are nearly parallel, begin about the middle of each fibre; and thence (hoot forth to their extremities; not always in continued lines, but frequently beginning new oflifications, which foon join the former. (Tab. i.) By the continual addition of this oilifying matter, the bones incrcafc till their hardnefs refills a farther cx-tenfion; and their hardnefs always increafing while they arc growing, the incrcafe of their growth becomes flower and flower, until they ccafe to grow at all; and in old perfons, (Tab-vi ) and confumptive, (Tab. xxiii.)
CHAPTER V. BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB. S femoris (Tab. xxvii.) at its upper end has a round head, which is received into the focket of the os inno-minatum. In moft quadrupeds this head is oblong, and makes a firmer articulation; but that ihape will not allow of fo much motion as a rounder head. The two procefles near the head are called the greater and let fer trochanters, which arc evidently formed for the infertion of mufcles, as the neck which lies between thefe and the head, is formed to make room for that neceflary quantity of mufcles which are feated on the in-fide of the thigh, and alfo by projedting outwards to make long levers for the mufcles, which arc infertcd into its upper and external parts. Between the great trochanter and the neck is a large iinus, into which mufcles are inferted; between the two trochanters is a remarkable rough-nefs for the fame ufe, from which begins the linea aipera: The middle of this bone for the conveniency of the mufcles is bent forwards, which would make it fubjedt to break backwards, if there was not a ftrong ridge on the back fide, which ftrengthens it fufficiently, and ferves alio for advantageous infertions for feveral mufcles; this ridge is called the linca a-fpera. At the lower end of this bone are two large heads called the outer
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книги,наука,Анатомия
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Вот например самый известный учебник по анатомии, "Анатомия Грея", еще сериал в честь него назвали...
Начало 20 века.
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